Traditionell rätoromanischsproochigs Sproochbiet
Als traditionell rätoromanischsproochigs Sproochbiet (TR) bezeichnet mer die Ortschafte vo Graubünde, wo in de Periode vùm 16. bis zum 19. Joorhùndert vo de Mehrheit Rätoromanisch gschwätzt worde isch. In derre Periode isch d Sproochgränz zwüschem Dütsche ùn em Romanisch nämli relativ stabil bliibe[1]. Die Bezeichnig goot ùff de Statischtiker Jean-Jacques Furer zrùgg, wo sich mit de Ergebniss vo de Volchszäälig vo 2000 ussenandergsetzt het. Bi de Definition vùm Furer ghöre alli Ortschafte zum TR, wo bi eine vo de vier erschte Volchszäälige zwüsche 1860 ùn 1888 e romanischi Mehrheit gha hen. Usserdäm zäält er Fürstenau dezue. In de Gmeie Urmein, Masein, Samnaun ùn Sils im Domleschg, wo im 17. Joorhùndert no zum TR ghört hen, het d Germanisierig scho friener yygsetzt, ùn 1860 het es dört nùmme no e chlyni romanischi Minderheit gee, so dass de Furer die Gmeie nümmi zum TR zäält.
Die Date, wo folge, stamme uss Eidgenössische Volkszählung 2000 – Die aktuelle Lage des Romanischen vùm Jean-Jacques Furer.
| Idiom | Gmeindsname[2] (amtliche Name, räto. Name in Chlammre wenn verschide) |
Yywohner 1880 (Ortsanwesend) |
Yywohner 2000 (wirtschaftlichs Domizil) |
1880 (Muettersprooch) |
1941 (Muettersprooch) |
1990 (beschtbherschti Sprooch) |
2000 (beschtbherschti Sprooch) |
2000 (überhaupt aagee)[3] |
Amtssprooch[4] | Schueltyp[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vallader | Fuldera | 117 | 115 | 79,5% | 89,4% | 82,9% | 74,8% | 92,2% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Lü | 72 | 62 | 73,6% | 96,4% | 90,9% | 82,3% | 87,1% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Müstair | 529 | 745 | 86,8% | 88,6% | 76,9% | 72,9% | 85,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Santa Maria Val Müstair | 391 | 327 | 80,8% | 73,7% | 70,2% | 69,7% | 81,7% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Tschierv | 154 | 154 | 81,8% | 91,9% | 85,0% | 77,3% | 91,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Valchava | 186 | 202 | 68,8% | 74,8% | 81,9% | 80,7% | 89,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Ardez | 663 | 401 | 94,6% | 84,5% | 73,3% | 73,8% | 88,8% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Ftan | 523 | 516 | 89,3% | 85,9% | 58,1% | 57,8% | 75,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Guarda GR | 266 | 144 | 95,5% | 91,1% | 72,1% | 62,5% | 78,5% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Lavin | 271 | 174 | 83,4% | 83,1% | 78,8% | 75,9% | 85,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Ramosch | 517 | 440 | 85,1% | 92,2% | 82,1% | 84,1% | 92,2% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Scuol (Ort) | 913 | 2122 | 81,7% | 71,1% | 57,5% | 49,4% | 70,3% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Sent GR | 1105 | 865 | 88,4% | 91,0% | 73,6% | 68,3% | 84,5% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Susch | 402 | 199 | 73,9% | 81,5% | 78,3% | 65,3% | 85,4% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Tarasp | 346 | 328 | 92,2% | 79,4% | 42,3% | 38,4% | 46,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Tschlin | 660 | 392 | 87,1% | 83,7% | 60,8% | 71,4% | 84,7% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Zernez (Ort) | 540 | 959 | 84,3% | 78,7% | 65,7% | 61,1% | 80,2% | R | R-DR |
| Putér | Bever GR | 148 | 631 | 81,1% | 50,4% | 24,2% | 18,9% | 45,3% | D | R-DR |
| Putér | Celerina/Schlarigna (Schlarigna) | 329 | 1353 | 76,9% | 50,4% | 20,3% | 12,8% | 34,9% | D | R-DR |
| Putér | Madulain | 68 | 180 | 69,1% | 50,7% | 27,5% | 22,2% | 42,8% | D | R-DR |
| Putér | Pontresina (Puntraschigna) | 383 | 2191 | 45,7% | 26,7% | 12,1% | 7,9% | 25,3% | D | RD |
| Putér | La Punt Chamues-ch | 229 | 660 | 71,6% | 68,5% | 25,5% | 20,6% | 47,6% | RD | R-DR |
| Putér | Samedan | 757 | 3069 | 46,8% | 42,1% | 22,6% | 16,7% | 42,2% | D | RD |
| Putér | St. Moritz (San Murezzan) | 402 | 5589 | 50,2% | 20,3% | 6,2% | 4,7% | 12,8% | D | DR |
| Putér | S-chanf | 418 | 620 | 86,4% | 81,2% | 66,7% | 51,8% | 67,9% | R | R-DR |
| Putér | Sils im Engadin/Segl (Segl) | 214 | 751 | 68,2% | 61,5% | 24,5% | 12,0% | 33,0% | D | R-DR |
| Putér | Silvaplana (Silvaplauna) | 266 | 913 | 73,3% | 54,9% | 19,6% | 10,6% | 34,1% | RD | R-DR |
| Putér | Zuoz | 420 | 1353 | 85,2% | 56,0% | 33,9% | 25,8% | 46,5% | R(D) | R-DR |
| Surmiran (Putér als Schriftsprooch) |
Bergün/Bravuogn (Bravuogn) | 628 | 520 | 80,4% | 53,6% | 21,0% | 10,6% | 26,7% | D | DR |
| Surmiran (Putér als Schriftsprooch) |
Filisur | 299 | 466 | 36,5% | 10,7% | 3,4% | 3,0% | 7,3% | D | D |
| Surmiran | Alvaneu (Alvagni) | 311 | 403 | 80,1% | 56,0% | 28,7% | 16,9% | 31,0% | D | DR |
| Surmiran | Alvaschein (Alvaschagn) | 141 | 154 | 95,0% | 77,0% | 46,2% | 40,3% | 61,0% | RD | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Brienz/Brinzauls (Brinzauls) | 146[6] | 117 | 98,6% | 83,3% | 58,0% | 31,6% | 52,1% | D | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Lantsch/Lenz (Lantsch) | 334 | 485 | 96,1% | 86,6% | 43,5% | 36,7% | 51,3% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Mon | 128 | 86 | 100,0% | 95,8% | 71,6% | 52,3% | 67,4% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Stierva | 194 | 128 | 98,5% | 89,5% | 75,0% | 66,4% | 80,5% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Surava | 137[7] | 250 | 82,5% | 59,5% | 21,4% | 10,8% | 30,4% | D | DR |
| Surmiran | Tiefencastel (Casti) | 217 | 230 | 88,9% | 60,7% | 42,7% | 37,8% | 58,3% | RD | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Vaz/Obervaz (Vaz) | 785 | 2691 | 92,0% | 55,8% | 15,9% | 9,0% | 18,9% | (R)D | DR |
| Surmiran | Bivio (Beiva) | 163 | 204 | 67,5% | 43,0% | 9,0% | 12,3% | 33,8% | I | I-DI |
| Surmiran | Cunter | 162 | 198 | 86,4% | 89,4% | 54,3% | 51,0% | 64,1% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Marmorera (Murmarera) | 151 | 49 | 98,7% | 94,7% | 47,4% | 34,7% | 53,1% | RD | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Mulegns | 121 | 33 | 93,4% | 79,8% | 73,0% | 57,6% | 66,7% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Riom-Parsonz | 404 | 327 | 99,0% | 94,4% | 78,8% | 63,9% | 79,2% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Salouf | 316 | 205 | 99,1% | 84,4% | 82,2% | 77,6% | 86,3% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Savognin (Savognin / Suagnign) | 503 | 882 | 96,2% | 81,1% | 62,3% | 53,1% | 70,1% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Sur (Sour) | 151 | 93 | 99,3% | 97,4% | 75,9% | 75,3% | 84,9% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Tinizong-Rona | 579 | 369 | 94,0% | 91,8% | 67,0% | 50,1% | 68,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Andeer | 603 | 669 | 65,5% | 50,3% | 14,7% | 9,1% | 22,1% | (R)D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Ausserferrera (Farera) | 126 | 47 | 98,4% | 58,8% | 35,4% | 2,1% | 23,4% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Casti-Wergenstein (Casti-Vargistagn) | 73 | 56 | 98,6% | 74,2% | 67,4% | 55,4% | 71,4% | RD | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Clugin (Clugen) | 47 | 33 | 100,0% | 61,3% | 15,2% | 3,0% | 15,2% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Donath (Donat) | 157 | 133 | 99,4% | 89,4% | 72,6% | 56,4% | 75,9% | RD | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Innerferrera (Calantgil) | 54 | 49 | 100,0% | 46,3% | 7,8% | 4,1% | 6,1% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Lohn GR (Lon) | 81 | 50 | 96,3% | 90,1% | 62,5% | 52,0% | 76,0% | RD | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Mathon GR (Maton) | 98 | 52 | 94,9% | 88,4% | 79,6% | 53,8% | 82,7% | D | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Patzen-Fardün (Pazen-Farden) | 81 | 64 | 97,5% | 98,4% | 63,0% | 48,4% | 75,0% | RD | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Pignia | 112 | 111 | 96,4% | 90,1% | 34,0% | 19,8% | 29,7% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Zillis-Reischen (Ziràn-Reschen) | 337 | 330 | 92,9% | 55,6% | 23,1% | 12,7% | 30,3% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Cazis (Tgazas) | 790 | 1575 | 49,0% | 18,0% | 6,4% | 4,7% | 8,6% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Flerden (Flearda) | 122 | 160 | 63,9% | 12,6% | 0,6% | 3,8% | 7,5% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Portein (Purtagn) | 47 | 26 | 0,0% | 18,9% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Präz (Preaz) | 248 | 178 | 89,9% | 58,7% | 6,9% | 2,8% | 7,9% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Sarn | 184 | 159 | 62,5% | 32,5% | 2,7% | 0,0% | 2,5% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Tartar | 187 | 158 | 5,3% | 11,0% | 2,5% | 0,6% | 9,5% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Almens (Almen) | 256 | 217 | 77,0% | 18,7% | 5,0% | 2,8% | 5,5% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Feldis/Veulden (Veulden) | 173 | 129 | 94,8% | 72,7% | 25,4% | 14,0% | 29,5% | D | D[8] |
| Sutsilvan | Fürstenau GR (Farschno) | 288 | 311 | 20,1% | 11,5% | 5,5% | 3,2% | 9,3% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Paspels (Pasqual) | 302 | 409 | 89,1% | 56,6% | 8,7% | 3,7% | 10,0% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Pratval | 65 | 240 | 64,6% | 16,7% | 1,7% | 4,2% | 7,9% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Rodels (Roten) | 142 | 281 | 62,2% | 28,6% | 4,5% | 3,9% | 9,3% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Rothenbrunnen (Givòlta) | 82 | 422 | 70,7% | 18,0% | 9,7% | 7,6% | 14,2% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Scharans (Scharàns) | 502 | 817 | 70,3% | 30,7% | 3,1% | 2,1% | 5,0% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Scheid (Sched) | 220 | 139 | 97,7% | 92,4% | 36,5% | 19,4% | 31,7% | D | D[9] |
| Sutsilvan | Trans (Tràn) | 89 | 69 | 70,8% | 75,0% | 16,9% | 8,7% | 11,6% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Tumegl/Tomils (Tumegl) | 275 | 321 | 87,3% | 58,6% | 6,5% | 4,0% | 13,1% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan (Sursilvan als Schriftsprooch) |
Bonaduz (Panaduz) | 624 | 2433 | 75,6% | 15,3% | 6,0% | 5,4% | 11,8% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan (Sursilvan als Schriftsprooch) |
Domat/Ems (Domat) | 1445 | 6372 | 89,5% | 76,1% | 15,8% | 11,0% | 23,5% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan (Sursilvan als Schriftsprooch) |
Rhäzüns (Razén) | 560 | 1201 | 95,9% | 76,4% | 17,1% | 10,1% | 25,2% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan (Sursilvan als Schriftsprooch) |
Trin | 890 | 1108 | 95,6% | 75,4% | 29,3% | 19,8% | 41,3% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Flims (Flem) | 851 | 2549 | 87,2% | 54,8% | 8,9% | 6,7% | 18,0% | D | DR |
| Sursilvan | Andiast | 242 | 232 | 99,2% | 97,7% | 88,9% | 85,8% | 93,5% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Castrisch | 434 | 412 | 92,4% | 80,0% | 54,0% | 48,5% | 70,9% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Falera | 338 | 504 | 99,1% | 97,3% | 80,9% | 67,5% | 78,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Flond | 195 | 179 | 96,4% | 90,5% | 54,2% | 50,8% | 72,1% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Ilanz GR (Glion) | 872 | 2488 | 60,8% | 50,2% | 36,6% | 29,9% | 51,4% | D | DR |
| Sursilvan | Laax (Lags) | 293 | 1150 | 93,9% | 90,8% | 47,8% | 40,1% | 56,1% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Ladir | 88 | 107 | 97,7% | 94,0% | 67,8% | 57,0% | 75,7% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Luven | 271 | 183 | 98,2% | 97,3% | 73,2% | 59,6% | 79,8% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Pigniu | 81 | 45 | 98,8% | 100,0% | 64,4% | 91,1% | 100,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Rueun | 399 | 460 | 98,7% | 97,9% | 66,2% | 72,0% | 82,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Ruschein | 251 | 356 | 96,4% | 94,8% | 81,0% | 69,4% | 83,7% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Sagogn | 480 | 597 | 95,8% | 92,7% | 59,2% | 57,1% | 77,7% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Schluein | 397 | 602 | 81,9% | 84,6% | 60,8% | 53,2% | 66,1% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Schnaus | 130 | 99 | 70,0% | 68,3% | 50,6% | 45,5% | 65,7% | RD | DR |
| Sursilvan | Sevgein | 163 | 207 | 97,5% | 86,8% | 62,4% | 54,6% | 73,9% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Siat | 231 | 189 | 98,7% | 97,9% | 76,5% | 82,5% | 89,4% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Surcuolm | 91 | 130 | 97,8% | 92,0% | 67,7% | 44,6% | 63,8% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Vrin | 384 | 249 | 99,5% | 95,5% | 96,4% | 95,6% | 98,8% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Waltensburg/Vuorz (Vuorz) | 413 | 383 | 95,4% | 87,9% | 67,0% | 63,4% | 78,1% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Camuns | 82 | 60 | 100,0% | 90,6% | 88,9% | 78,3% | 88,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Cumbel | 303 | 288 | 99,7% | 94,0% | 84,8% | 85,1% | 92,7% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Duvin (Duin) | 117 | 80 | 99,1% | 94,2% | 52,5% | 48,8% | 75,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Degen | 251 | 247 | 100,0% | 94,7% | 83,8% | 73,7% | 87,9% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Lumbrein | 530 | 399 | 100,0% | 98,9% | 95,5% | 89,5% | 93,7% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Morissen (Murissen) | 187 | 211 | 98,9% | 96,6% | 95,2% | 91,5% | 95,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Pitasch | 138 | 118 | 94,2% | 86,4% | 74,5% | 60,2% | 89,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Riein | 190 | 71 | 96,3% | 93,7% | 61,8% | 63,4% | 76,1% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Surcasti | 160 | 75 | 100,0% | 94,7% | 91,8% | 86,7% | 90,7% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Tersnaus | 78 | 70 | 93,6% | 97,2% | 62,5% | 74,3% | 90,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Uors-Peiden | 226 | 90 | 92,9% | 93,4% | 74,1% | 66,7% | 77,8% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Vignogn | 164 | 179 | 100,0% | 100,0% | 91,6% | 88,8% | 93,9% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Vella | 285 | 441 | 100,0% | 98,0% | 86,9% | 83,9% | 92,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Breil/Brigels (Breil) | 880 | 1187 | 98,6% | 95,7% | 82,5% | 80,5% | 88,6% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Disentis/Mustér (Mustér) | 1304 | 2172 | 97,2% | 84,6% | 78,4% | 75,3% | 86,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Medel (Lucmagn) (Medel) | 561 | 470 | 98,8% | 98,9% | 90,6% | 92,8% | 96,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Schlans | 179 | 92 | 98,3% | 98,5% | 81,2% | 81,5% | 92,4% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Sumvitg | 1235 | 1313 | 98,7% | 98,1% | 89,2% | 88,0% | 94,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Tujetsch | 784 | 1525 | 99,5% | 95,6% | 89,2% | 66,2% | 75,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Trun GR | 956 | 1322 | 98,3% | 94,3% | 80,6% | 79,0% | 87,8% | R | R-DR |
Fuessnote
ändere- ↑ Furer (2005). pp. 23
- ↑ Zum Tail sind d Gmainde, wo do no as Gmaind bezaichnet wärded, wäg ere Fusion hüt en Ort innerhalb von ere andere Gmaind. Die Aagobe beziend sich drum uf s Gebiet vo de damolige Gmaind.
- ↑ Als Haupt-, Familie-, Beruefs-, oder Schuelsprooch.
- ↑ R = Rätoromanisch, D = Dütsch, I = Italienisch.
- ↑ R-DR = Ersti 3 Schueljoor Rätoromanisch, deno all mee Dütsch. D = Dütsch. DR = Dütsch, Rätoromanisch als Schuelfach für min. 3 Joor. RD = Zweisproochig. I-DI = Ersti 3 Schueljoor Italienisch, deno all mee Dütsch.
- ↑ 1888
- ↑ 1888
- ↑ Bis 2000 Schueltyp DR.
- ↑ Bis 2000 Schueltyp DR.
Literatur
ändere- Jean-Jacques Furer: Eidgenössische Volkszählung 2000. Die aktuelle Lage des Romanischen. Hrsg. vom Bundesamt für Statistik. Neuchâtel 2005, ISBN 3-303-01202-4, S. 146.